@conference{Marx2015,

title = {Subjective pre-lens tear film stability of daily disposable contact lenses using ring mire projection},

author = {Sebastian Marx and Christiane Müller and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1367048414002355},

doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2014.11.096},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-02-01},

urldate = {2015-02-01},

booktitle = {BCLA Abstract Book 2014},

volume = {38},

pages = {e5},

publisher = {Elsevier},

organization = {British Contact Lens Association},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: To analyse cross-sectional area (LA) and height of LIPCOF (LH) using a Scheimpflug camera and to evaluate LIPCOF impact on para-central tear meniscus (TM).



Method: Temporal and nasal LIPCOF of 20 subjects (female: 15; median age: 39.4 years) were observed by a slit lamp microscope. A cross-sectional area (LA) and LIPCOF height (LH) was measured using a modified Scheimpflug camera (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany) at normal eye position, in upward gaze and downward gaze. Para-central TM disruption was analysed by TM fluorescence (TMF). TMF was defined by fluorescence intensity, height and regularity of TM, classified by a 5 grade pictorial scale. 



Results: Median temporal LA were 0 m2, 18,867 m2, 52,935 m2, 77,175 m2 (ordered by temporal LIPCOF scores 0–3) and median nasal LA were 4193 m2, 16,378 m2, 57,914 m2, 195,099 m2 (ordered by nasal LIPCOF scores). Median temporal LH were 0 m, 340 m, 410 m, 530 m and median nasal LH were 109 m, 316 m, 614 m, 580 m (ordered by temporal and nasal LIPCOF). Temporal LA was significantly correlated to temporal LIPCOF scores (Spearman rank; r = 0.707, p < 0001), nasal LA was significantly correlated to nasal LIPCOF scores (r = 0.517, p < 0.001). Temporal and nasal LH were significantly correlated to temporal LIPCOF scores (r = 0.700, p < 0001) and nasal LIPCOF scores (r = 0.567, p < 0.001). LH significantly decreased in upwards gaze (ANOVA repeated measurements; p = 0.001) but was unaltered in downward gaze (p = 0.249). In contrast LA was not different between eye positions (p = 0.535). LIPCOF scores, LA and LH were significantly correlated to TMF (temporal: r > 0.731, p < 0.001; nasal: r = 0.609, p < 0.001).



Conclusion: The significant correlations between LA and LH and LIPCOF scores may indicate the usefulness of a modified Scheimpflug camera in the evaluation of LIPCOF. Para-central TM is significantly impacted by LIPCOF. Therefore evaluation of TM volume may be misleading in increased LIPCOF. LH but not LA changed in upward gaze but both were unaltered in downward gaze.},

howpublished = {Poster},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Pucker2014,

title = {Factors Associated with Meibomian Gland Atrophy in Daily Contact Lens Wearers},

author = {Andrew Pucker and Lisa Jones-Jordan and Wing Li and Justin Kwan and Meng Lin and Wolfgang Sickenberger and Sebastian Marx and Sruthi Srinivasan and Lyndon Jones},

url = {http://www.aaopt.org/factors-associated-meibomian-gland-atrophy-daily-contact-lens-wearers},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-11-15},

urldate = {2014-11-15},

number = {140082},

address = {New Orleans},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: To determine factors associated with contact lens related meibomian gland atrophy in a matched pair sample.



Methods: Contact lens wearers (case) and age- and gender-matched non-contact lens wearers with no significant history of contact lens use (control) were recruited across five study sites in three countries. All subjects were administered an Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, and tear meniscus height, non-invasive tear break-up time, tear osmolarity, lid wiper epitheliopathy, lid parallel conjunctival folds, line of Marx, conjunctival staining, upper eyelid meibomian gland expressibility, Schirmer’s test, and meibomian gland atrophy were assessed. Univariate conditional logistic regression was then used to determine relationships between meibomian gland atrophy and clinical signs and symptoms.



Results: Subjects included 118 adults (59 matched pairs). Mean ± SD age was 28.4 ± 9.9 years; 69% of the subjects were female. No significant associations were found between meibomian gland atrophy and the following variables: OSDI (P = 0.55), tear meniscus height (P = 0.85), non-invasive tear break-up time (P = 0.58), tear osmolarity (P = 0.56), lid wiper epitheliopathy (P = 0.34), lid parallel conjunctival folds (P = 0.42), line of Marx (P = 0.32), conjunctival staining (P = 0.36), Schirmer’s test (P = 0.05), and meibomian gland expressibility (P = 0.81). Unpaired analysis comparing subject age and meibomian gland atrophy also found no association.



Conclusions: These data indicate that there are no significant differences between contact lens wearers and non-contact lens wearers in this cohort of relatively young lens wearers, when comparing meibomian gland atrophy to clinical dry eye signs and symptoms. No association between meibomian gland atrophy and age was found, which is in contrast to past studies.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Srinivasan2014,

title = {Meibomian Gland Atrophy Rate in Pre-presbyopic Contact Lens and Non-Contact Lens Wearers},

author = {Sruthi Srinivasan and Andrew D. Pucker and Lisa A. Jones-Jordan and Wing Li and Justin T. Kwan and Wolfgang Sickenberger and Sebastian Marx and Meng C. Lin and Lyndon W. Jones},

url = {http://www.aaopt.org/meibomian-gland-atrophy-rate-pre-presbyopic-contact-lens-and-non-contact-lens-wearers},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-11-15},

urldate = {2014-11-15},

number = {140081},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: To determine the rate of meibomian gland (MG) atrophy in a matched-pair sample of contact lens (CL) and non-contact-lens (NCL) wearers.



Methods: CL wearers with a minimum of five years of CL use and NCL wearers who were age- and gender-matched were recruited across five study sites from three countries (USA, Canada and Germany). Lower and upper eyelids of all participants were everted and MGs were imaged using the Keratograph 5M infrared camera (OCULUS). MG atrophy (percent) was determined by analyzing the mean gland loss of the upper and lower eyelids in the most affected eye. Digital analyses of the images were conducted using ImageJ software. General linear regression models were used to determine MG atrophy rates in CL and NCL wearers to account for the matched design.



Results:A total of 118 participants were included in the analysis. Mean ± SD age was 28.4 ± 9.9 yrs; 41F and 18M pairs were collected. Mean MG atrophy in the CL group was 25.8% and 24.0% in the NCL group (p=0.41). Neither age (p=0.39) nor gender (p=0.43) was significantly associated with MG atrophy in this cohort. No significant differences were found for different age groups (<20, 20-24, 25-29, 30+ years; p= 0.40). There was a 0.19 % increase per year in MG atrophy in CL wearers compared with a 0.003% increase per year in NCL wearers. Number of years of CL wear was also not significantly associated with MG atrophy (p=0.50).



Conclusions: MG atrophy rates in CL and NCL wearers were similar in this cohort of pre-presbyopic participants. It was also noted that age, gender and years of CL wear were not associated with MG atrophy.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Blaurock2017,

title = {Standard values of the central corneal curvature and eccentricity in healthy Caucasian eyes: a retrospective study },

author = {Claudia Blaurock and Daniela Oehring and Wolfgang Sickenberger },

url = {http://www.aaopt.org/standard-values-central-corneal-curvature-and-eccentricity-healthy-caucasian-eyes-retrospective},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-11-14},

urldate = {2014-11-14},

number = {145226},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: Corneal curvature (cc) and eccentricity is a standard method to describe the topography of the eye. The cc has an impact on the measurements of the dynamic contour tonometry. The values of the cc are fundamentally important for all kind of refractive surgery and IOL power calculation. Curvature changes are associated with a large number of corneal diseases and contact lens wearing. The purpose of the study was to evaluate standard values of the central corneal curvature and the 30-degree eccentricity (Ecc).



Methods: The central corneal radii (flattest K1 and steepest K2) and the eccentricity within 30deg were measured by means of the multifunctional topographer (Keratograph 4 Oculus, Germany). After applying the exclusion criteria and outlier labeling 4,360 right and 4,308 left eyes of 4,505 healthy Caucasian subjects were analyzed. The subjects were aged between 0-113years (mean 36.23±16.89 years). If there were more than one value for each eye available the average was calculated. Gender distribution shows 39.4% males. Differences between male and female as well as between the right and the left eye were analyzed (Shapiro-Wilk test, correlation between cc and age by means of Pearsons r).



Results: The mean corneal radii at 30deg are 43.03±1.50dpt and 44.08±1,57dpt for the K1 and the K2, respectively. The data shows a statistically significant difference between males and females (t-test, p= 0.000; K1/ K2: male 42.68±1.53dpt/ 43.68±1.58dpt, female 43.27±1.46dpt/ 44.34±1.52dpt). The mean corneal eccentricity at 30deg was 0.55±0.10. For none of the analyzed data a correlation to the age was found (K1 p=0.005; K2 p=-0.033; Ecc p=-0.026).



Conclusion: The mean cc and the eccentricity at 30deg provided by a multifunctional topographer are related to the reported average values for Caucasian subjects. The central corneal radius is lager in males than in females. The same ratios were found for the eccentricity at 30 deg. The values of the cc are relevant for the calculation of contact lenses, dynamic counter tonometry and corneal surgery. },

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Schubert2014,

title = {Development and Evaluation of a novel Tool to measure the pupillary and contact lens decentration},

author = {Sebastian Schubert and Mario Rehnert and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {https://jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/AAO-2014-SS-Development-and-Evaluation-of-a-novel-to.pdf

http://www.aaopt.org/development-and-evaluation-novel-tool-measure-pupillary-and-contact-lens-decentration},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-11-14},

urldate = {2014-11-14},

number = {145227},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: To develop a novel tool to measure the difference between the corneal and the pupillary center as well as difference between the pupillary and the contact lens center based on a photograph of the anterior eye captured with a conventional slit lamp.



Methods: The novel tool to measure the distances was developed as a double-triangle. To evaluate the center of the pupillary, the cornea or the CL, a photograph of the eye was taken with a conventional video slit lamp. Then, the double-triangle was masked on the photograph of the eye. To find the position at least three of four edges of the triangle must touch the edge of the pupillary, the cornea and the CL. To determine the difference between the centers, the distance between the triangle centers were measured. To evaluate the tool a prospective study by means of a conventional video slit lamp and a SIRIUS - 3D Rotating Scheimpflug Camera & Topography System (bon optic) in 20 subjects (50% male; aged (54.9±6.3 years with a range of (45 to 71) years) was conducted. The differences between the pupillary center and the corneal vertex were measured with both devices.



Results: The pupillary decentration by means of the novel tool was measured by OD -0.24±0.13mm and OS -0.33±0.14mm and by means of the Rotating Scheimpflug Camera by OD -0.18±0.11mm und OS -0.21±0.12mm. Comparing both methods the mean differences were OD 0.06±0.02mm and OS 0.12±0.02mm.



Conclusion: The novel measuring tool combines the advantages of the conventional graticule and software based analyzing tools like modern video topographer. Especially for fitting simultaneous contact lenses, the difference between the CL center and pupillary center can be visualized and measured easily. Furthermore, the tool could be used for similar tasks, e.g. measuring intra ocular lens decentration.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Marx2014,

title = {Subjective performance of hydrogel and silicone hydrogel daily disposable contact lenses},

author = {Sebastian Marx and Stefan Schwarz and Mary Fahmy and Jami Kern and Cecile Maissa},

url = {https://jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Subjective-performance-of-hydrogel-and-silicone-hydrogel-AAO-POSTER-2014-1.pdf

http://www.aaopt.org/subjective-performance-hydrogel-and-silicone-hydrogel-daily-disposable-contact-lenses},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-11-14},

urldate = {2014-11-14},

number = {145191},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate subjective performance of DAILIES® AquaComfort Plus™  (nelfilcon  A  with  69%  water  content  and  a  blink-activated  moisture  system; Alcon  Laboratories,  Inc.)  and  Clariti™  1-day  (Alcon  II-3  with  56% water  content;  Saufon Pharmaceuticals) in a population of daily disposable (DD) contact lens wearers



Methods: In a subject-masked multi-center cross-over study, current DD wearers (n=316) wore the test (nelfilcon A) or control (filcon II-3) lenses bilaterally for 1 week each, in a randomized order.The subjective performance was recorded in terms of subjective ratings and preferences for comfort, dryness, vision, handling, overall satisfaction/overall preference and purchase intent.The subjects rated their subjective responses on a 1-10 point scale (1=poor/very dry/difficult, 10=excellent/not dry/easy).



Results: 316 subjects, all habitual wearers of spherical DD lenses, were enrolled at twenty two (22) sites (6 UK sites 16 German sites), 310 completed the study. After 1 week of wear, the performance of the test lenses was unsurpassed for all subjective ratings of comfort, dryness, handling, and vision compared to the control lenses. In addition, comfort during the day was significantly superior for the test lens compared to the control lens (8.0 v 7.6; <0.001). The test lenses were also shown to be superior to the control lenses for dryness throughout the day (7.7 v 7.3), handling at removal (8.0 v 7.5), all vision ratings (quality of vision during the day: 8.5 v 7.5 , quality of vision at night: 8.1 v 7.2, consistency of vision throughout the day: 8.1 v 7.2, consistency of vision at night: 8.0 v 7.3, consistency of vision from day to day: 8.6 v 8.0, and overall vision quality: 8.3 v 7.4) and overall lens satisfaction (7.8 v 6.9 p<0.001). Finally, among subjects with a preference, the test lenses were preferred for comfort during the day, comfort at the end of the day, overall comfort, overall vision, overall preference, and purchase intent (p<0.001 to 0.006).



Conclusion:The two DD lenses were well accepted, with the nelfilcon A lenses showing superior daytime comfort, handling at removal, overall lens satisfaction and all vision ratings and less dryness throughout the day when compared with the filcon II-3 lenses after one week of wear.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Amthor2014,

title = {Study to measure the tear film stabilisation and possible reduction of subjective symptoms by application of lipid-containing lubricants},

author = {Bianca Amthor and Sebastian Marx and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {https://jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/AAO-2014-Study-to-measure-the-tear-film-stabilisation-and-possible-reduction-of-subjective-symptoms-by-application-of-lipid-containing-lubricants-BA-SM.pdf

http://www.aaopt.org/study-measure-tear-film-stabilisation-and-possible-reduction-subjective-symptoms-application-lipid},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-11-13},

urldate = {2014-11-13},

number = {145022},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: The aim of the thesis was to investigate if the application of lipid-containing lubricants can have a positive effect on the stabilisation of the tear film.  Furthermore, the consistency between patients perception and stabilisation of the tear film were evaluated.



Methods: The study involved 24 patients (n = 24; with an average age of 59 +/-9 years; 66.7 % female and 33.3 % male patients). Quality and quantity tear film tests to the right eye were performed by using the K5M (Videokeratograph, Oculus) and a slit lamp (SL120, Zeiss). On each appointment a questionnaire was completed by the patient. Three appointments at a distance between 12-16 days were performed apart and the distribution of lubricants was random.



Results: The results of the NIK-BUT-measurement were normally distributed and there was no significant difference between the lubricants. An impact of both lubricant compounds has been demonstrated, it applies to both short term and long term effects. For the first group of subjects the NIK-BUT values for the baseline take place at 11.9 +/- 4.9 seconds. At the final test the NIK-BUT is 14.1 +/- 5.5 seconds. For the second group of subjects the NIK-BUT values take place to 10.4 +/- 6.1 seconds at the baseline test and for the finish test they take place at 14.3 +/-6.3 seconds.

There was a huge discrepancy between NIK-BUT-classifications and the OSDI-scores. For the tear meniscus height and OSDI-score no consistency could be demonstrated.



Conclusions: Lipid-containing lubricants lead a stabilisation of the tear film, regardless of their form of application.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Henker2014,

title = {Development of a new display based testing method for the measurement of the dynamic visual acuity (DVA)},

author = {Eric Henker and Oliver Kolbe and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {http://www.aaopt.org/development-new-display-based-testing-method-measurement-dynamic-visual-acuity-dva

https://jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Poster-AAO_DVA_2_klein.pdf},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-11-13},

urldate = {2014-11-13},

number = {145159},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: The dynamic visual acuity (DVA) defines the ability to detect details in moving objects. Available digital testing devices suffer from a poor display performance, such as motion blur and afterimages. Considering the technological progress of visual display units a new, standardized testing method for the measurement of the DVA should be achieved. 



Methods: A market analysis and a feasibility analysis clarified if the display performance of modern VDUs last the demands of a reliable test. Different possibilities of the presentation of optotypes were tested experimentally, several coding languages compared.  



Results: Presenting moving objects in an acceptable display performance is realizable with the Foris FG2421 (Eizo) display unit (23.5”) using the 240 Hz turbo mode. A refresh rate of 120 Hz combined with blinking backlight (240 Hz turbo mode) guarantees great motion clarity and not notable afterimages. The foundation for a standardized test procedure was developed based on the testing method for the static visual acuity. Five moving optotypes (Landolt C) are presented on a sphere for each velocity level and size for a fixed presentation time of each 2 seconds. The starting point, the direction of movement (clockwise, counterclockwise) as well as the gap of the Landolt C is randomized. The test is measuring in the range of the smooth pursuit eye movements. The test scenarios are programmed with Flash CS 6 and transformed into single video clips. The field of view is limited by the screen size, display resolution and computer performance. 



Conclusions: Due to the technological progress DVA measurements could be realized using VDUs. The new standardized testing method needs to be enhanced. Further studies should determine defined velocities and sizes of the moving objects. The test should be recoded in C++ to minimize the randomization and presentation effort and to lower the required computer performance. A validation study should be run as well as new technologies (4K, HDMI 2.0) observed.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Oehring2014,

title = {Prospective Study to compare two different Kinds of Illuminations by Measuring the Non-Invasive Tear Film Break-Up Time by Means of a Video Topographer},

author = {Daniela Oehring and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {http://www.aaopt.org/prospective-study-compare-two-different-kinds-illuminations-measuring-non-invasive-tear-film-break},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-11-13},

urldate = {2014-11-13},

number = {145029},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: To determine differences between two different illuminations, white light and infrared, which are available when measuring the non-invasive tear film break-up time (NIK-BUT) using a novel video topographer. 



Methods: A single-center, three-visit, randomized, prospective study evaluating the NIK-BUT measured by means of an objective analyzing software of the video topographer was conducted in 37 subjects (56% male; aged (31.5+/-10.3)years (19-65 years). The NIK-BUT was measured on both eyes in randomized order with white (W) and infrared (IR) illumination, consecutively three times at each visit and at the same daytime under standardized conditions. To compare these illuminations both available BUT values, first BUT (FBUT) and average BUT (AvgBUT), as well as measurement time and the maximal area of the tear film break-up (represented by the weighted amount of affected segments) were analyzed. To determine inter-group comparisons, a two-tailed t-test was conducted.



Results: The white illumination (467 measurements) shows the average FBUT at (6.44+/-5.34)sec and AvgBUT at (9.55+/-5.48)sec. The measurement time was on average (18.04+/-6.86)sec and the maximal area was (2.6+/-3.5)segments. With infrared (374 measurements) the average FBUT was determined at (6.25+/-4.59)sec, AvgBUT at (8.78+/-4.78)sec. The measurement time was on average (18.18+/-6.90)sec and the maximal area was (2.7+/-3.7)segments. There were no statistically significant differences between white and infrared illumination in each measured variable (FBUT p=0.959; AvgBUT p=0,160; measurement time p=0.998; maximal area 0.360; two-tailed t-test).



Conclusions: There are no significant differences between both available illuminations when measuring the NIK-BUT with the K5 video topographer (Oculus). Therefore the investigator is independent in choosing the illumination. Only the patient preferences and conditions may affect this choice. Additionally, both kinds of measurements are assignable.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Höffel2013,

title = {Experimental study to assess the influence of air draught on the lower tear meniscus height},

author = {Christopher Höffel and Daniela Oehring and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {https://jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Höffel-BCLA-2013-Experimental-study-to-assess-the-influence-of-air-draught-on-the-lower-meniscus-height.pdf

http://www.contactlensjournal.com/article/S1367-0484(13)00197-5/abstract},

doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2013.08.083},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-12-01},

urldate = {2013-12-01},

booktitle = {BCLA Abstract Book 2013},

volume = {36},

pages = {e22},

publisher = {Elsevier},

organization = {British Contact Lens Association},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: The measurement of the tear meniscus height (TMH) is one of the standard tests to assess the quantity of the tear film. Aim of this study was to determine the influence of wind or air draught to the tear meniscus height. 



Methods: A prospective, randomised study (n=40; 53% female, 47% male; aged (25.2+/-1.8)years) was conducted to measure central, nasal and temporal lower TMH on both eyes by means of a video-topographer (Keratograph5M, Oculus) with infrared illumination (Oculus, TF-Scan V2.2.18) under normal conditions (NC-TMH) and with wind stimulation (W-TMH), performing three consecutive measurements each. Both the nasal and temporal TMH were quantified two millimetres off the vertical pupillary centre, respectively. The air draught was generated by a wind tunnel (Sziols Inc.). The mean wind velocity was (0.8 +/- 0.2)m/s at a distance of three metres between patient and wind tunnel. Patients were exposed to air draught for one minute. 



Results: The average of the central NC-TMH was determined by (0.29+/-0.13)mm, nasal by (0.27+/-0.12)mm and temporal by (0.30+/-0.13)mm. The mean value of the W-TMH was calculated central by (0.36+/-0.17)mm, nasal by (0.35+/-0.18)mm and temporal by (0.40+/-0.20)mm. There are statically significant differences between the NC-TMH and the W-TMH in all measured locations (central p=0.000, nasal p=0.000, temporal p=0.000; Wilcoxon test). The W-TMH is significantly higher than the NC-TMH (95% confidence interval of the mean: central (-0.10 to -0.05)mm, nasal (-0.10 to -0.06)mm and temporal (-0.12 to -0.07)mm). 



Conclusion: The central, nasal and temporal TMHs are significantly higher under wind stimulation as under normal conditions. Based on that, it is obvious that mistakes during the assessment of the TMH may occur if the patient is exposed to air draught before. Hence, to avoid or minimise this influence, it is necessary to ask if the patient was exposed to such conditions before tear film assessment.  



Additional comments: Experimental study to assess the influence of air draught on the lower tear meniscus height. },

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Wiedemann2013,

title = {Development of the tear film analysis system of a modified topographer (Keratograph5 M, Oculus) for the assessment of the lipid layer},

author = {Doreen Wiedemann and Martina Sinnig and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {https://jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/D.Wiedemann_Poster_BCLA2013.pdf

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S136704841300266X},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-12-01},

urldate = {2013-12-01},

booktitle = {BCLA Abstract Book 2013},

volume = {36},

pages = {e46},

publisher = {Elsevier},

organization = {British Contact Lens Association},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: To realise a new technique for the assessment of the tear-film interference pattern using the video-topographer (Keratograph5 M, Oculus) in comparison to standard tests.



Method: The illumination system of the video-topographer has been modified and a high-resolution colour camera was integrated. The typical red ring illumination was replaced and additionally white LEDs were installed on different positions. These new applications were proofed in a study (n = 41, 46% female, 54% male, age 27.2+/- 5.9 years). As reference measurements, slit lamp (SL) and the Keeler Tearscope (KT) were used. In total 369 photographs and 123 videos of the tear-film lipid layer were evaluated by three independent observers. All results were evaluated regarding to their appearance (E), interference colour (I) and quantity (K). For the inter-observer comparison between the video-topographer, the Tearscope and the slit lamp 95% confidence interval for the difference (t-Test) were calculated.



Results: The area of observation using the K5 is 9 mm. This is considerably larger than the area of the slit lamp (0.5 mm) and the Tearscope (4 mm). This enables an evaluation of the total spreading characteristic of the tear film lipid layer. There was no significant difference in the inter-observer variation of the results (95% CI of differences: observer1 (-0.4;0.3), observer2 (-0.4;0.3), observer3 (- 0.3;0.3)). A low correlation between all results was found (KT vs. K5: E r = 0.137 p = 0.408, I r = 0.371 p = 0.021, K r = 0.140 p = 0.430; SL vs. K5: E r = 0.119 p = 0.596, I r = 0.353 p = 0.045, K r = 0.071 p = 0.396).



Conclusions: Inter-observer comparisons with well established procedures show that the developed system can be an alternative for the assessment of the interference patterns. The modified video-topographer enables real-time measurements within a wider spatial range in comparison to Tearscope or slit lamp. Due to this is also possible to evaluate the inter-blink spreading characteristic of the tear film lipid layer.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Oehring2013,

title = {Experimental study to assess the influence of diffuse slit lamp illumination on the lower and upper tear meniscus height },

author = { Daniela Oehring and Christoph Hoeffel and Wolfgang Sickenberger },

url = {http://www.aaopt.org/experimental-study-assess-influence-diffuse-slit-lamp-illumination-lower-and-upper-tear-meniscus},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-10-25},

urldate = {2013-10-25},

number = {135241},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose:

Measurement of tear meniscus height is performed to quantify the tear film. Aim of the study was to determine the influence of diffuse illumination on the lower and upper tear meniscus height (LTMH and UTMH) of both eyes.



Methods:

A prospective, randomized study (n=38; 55% female, 45% male; aged (25.2+/-1.8)years) was conducted to measure LTMH and UTMH on both eyes by means of a video topographer (Keratograph 5M, Oculus) with infrared illumination (Oculus, TF-Scan V2.2.18) under normal conditions (NC-LTMH and NC-UTMH) and with diffuse illumination (I-LTMH and I-UTMH). Both the nasal and temporal TMH were quantified two millimeters off the central measurement. The central point was located at the vertical pupillary center. All locations were consecutively measured at three times. Each tested eye was exposed the diffuse slit lamp light (1300+/-100)lux) for ten sec in ten cm distance. The lighting device of the slit lamp was located at an angle of 25 degrees.



Results:

There are statistically significant differences between both eyes (NC-UTMH: nasal p=0.045; I-LTMH: central p=0.010 and nasal p=0.007, Wilcoxon test). In contrast there are no statistically significant differences between both eyes at the following locations (NC-LTMH: central p=0.728, nasal p=0.898, temporal p=0.438; NC-UTMH: central p=0.124, temporal p=0.635; I-LTMH: temporal p=0.392; I-UTMH: central p=0.451, nasal p=0.380, temporal p=0.922, Wilcoxon test). The nasal NC-UTMH-OS is higher than nasal NC-UTMH-OD (95% confidence interval of the mean (95%CI): (-0.04 to 0.00)mm). Both the central I-LTMH-OD and nasal I-LTMH-OD are higher than central I-LTMH-OS and nasal I-LTMH-OS (95%CI: central (0.01 to 0.06)mm and nasal (0.02 to 0.07)mm).



Conclusions:

The nasal NC-UTMH as well as the central and nasal I-LTMH are significantly different in both eyes. This indicates that the assessment of the tear film should be performed on both eyes because physiological differences of the TMH may exist. In addition, the determination of the temporal tear meniscus height prevents inaccuracies. It is expected that especially the anatomy of the lower eye lid influences the TMH.



Additional comments:

This study was performed as Bachelor of Science thesis at the Ernst-Abbe University of Applied Sciences Jena, Germany.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Schubert2013,

title = {Prospective study on success rates of fitting simultaneous multifocal contact lenses in relation to physiological circumstances},

author = {Sebastian Schubert and Mario Rehnert and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {https://jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/AAO-2013-SS-Prospective-study-on-success-rates-of-fitting-simultanous-multifocal-contact-lenses-in-relation-to-physiological-circumstances.pdf

http://www.aaopt.org/prospective-study-success-rates-fitting-simultaneous-multifocal-contact-lenses-relation},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-10-23},

urldate = {2013-10-23},

number = {135124},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: The Purpose of this study was to prove a significant influence of the parameters amplitude of pupillary light reflex, decentration of contact lenses and anterior chamber depth on the success of fitting simultaneous multifocal contact lenses with “near-in-centre” design.



Methods: All variables were measured at n=20 successful users (54.9 ± 6.3 years). The anterior chamber depth were determined by a Scheimpflug-camera and the amplitude of pupillary light reflex on fotopic and scotopic conditions were gauged by an integrated pupillograph. The decentration of contact lenses were assessed on slit lamp pictures by using a virtual measuring device. Additionally, the subjects had to evaluate the visual performance for both far and near vision, and in general.



Results: The contact lens decentration was OD -0.14 ± 0.23mm, OS +0.03 ± 0.19mm in horizontal direction and -0.09 ± 0.27mm in vertical orientation on both eyes. Comparing to related studies the contact lens decentration is significantly different (p<0,001). Furthermore, an anterior chamber depth of 2.67 ± 0,35mm and an amplitude of pupillary light reflex of 1.96 ± 0.49mm were measured. The evaluation of the visual performance showed a significant correlation of anterior chamber depth for far vision (r= -0,47 ; p= 0,037)



Conclusion: The amplitude of pupillary light reflex and anterior chamber depth may have a highly potential influence on a successful fitting of multifocal contact lenses. Moreover, the amplitude of pupillary light reflex up to 1.5mm can be beneficial.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Marx2013,

title = {Assessment of the wettability of different silicone hydrogel contact lenses using a novel in vitro method},

author = {Sebastian Marx and Martina Sinnig and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {https://jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Marx-Sinnig-WS-Assessment-of-the-wettability-of-different-silicone-hydrogel-contact-lenses-using-a-novel-in-vitro-method.pdf



http://www.aaopt.org/assessment-wettability-different-silicone-hydrogel-contact-lenses-using-novel-vitro-method},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-10-23},

urldate = {2013-10-23},

number = {130287},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine differences between the surface wettability of various lens/solution combinations in terms of the drying-up time measured in vitro using a modified corneal topographer (Non-Invasive Keratograph – Drying-Up Time (NIK-DUT)).



Methods: Five market-leading silicone hydrogel (SiHy) contact lenses were tested out of the blister solution or after a washing procedure and subsequent soak in renu fresh® MPS, OPTI-FREE® PureMoist® MPDS (OFPM) or Bausch and Lomb Sensitive Eyes saline (control). The NIK-DUT was measured ten times for every combination by evaluating the reflected placido-ring image objectively. The focus was on the measurement of the NIK-DUT value derived when 25% of the entire measurement segments showed dry-up during the measuring time (NIK-DUT_S25). Based on an asymptotic, normally distributed mean value an analysis of variance (ANOVA, alpha=0.05) and subsequently a 2-tailed t-test was conducted to determine inter-group comparisons.



Results: The average NIK-DUT_S25 value among the 5 test lenses (Balafilcon A, Lotrafilcon B with Aqua Technology, Lotrafilcon A, Comfilcon A and Senolfilcon A) in combination with saline solution was 124.8±3.5s. The same lenses showed average increases of 8.7% out of the blister solution (135.6±11.6s), 7.0% with renu fresh (133.6±23.6s), and 22.9% with OFPM (153.4±23.3s). With saline as reference the results of the t-test are p=0,05 to OFPM; 0,11 to blister solution and 0,45 to renu fresh.



Conclusion: There are relevant differences between lens packaging and care solution regarding the wettability of the SiHy lenses. Increasing lens wettability through use of a lens care solution with a wetting agent designed to interact with silicone material may have a positive impact on the patient’s lens wearing experience.



Additional comments: The study was financially supported by Alcon Research Ltd.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Sickenberger2012,

title = {Validation of a novel morphing software to classify different slit lamp findings},

author = {Wolfgang Sickenberger and Daniela Oehring},

url = {https://jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Poster_BCLA_2012_DO_final-1.pdf



http://www.contactlensjournal.com/article/S1367-0484(12)00167-1/abstract},

doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2012.08.065},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-12-01},

urldate = {2012-12-01},

booktitle = {BCLA Abstract Book 2012},

volume = {35},

pages = {e20-21},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: To validate a novel morphing software for classification of slit lamp findings and to then compare grades obtained with the new morphing software and with a printed grading scale.



Method: To develop the morphing software, 101 images each of eight different slit lamp findings, showing increasing severity from normal to severe, were provided and converted into a video clip; the image number was coded into running time. The study was divided in three phases. First, 67 participants (22 students, 45 professionals) were asked to evaluate five actual-scale images using the JenVis printed grading scale. Second, the participants were asked to identify the limits of the morphing software grades (using the video position for conversion to grades), and to then grade the same actual-scale images now using the morphing software.



Results: The limits of grades were on average: Grade 1 (17 ± 8), 2 (39 ± 8), 3 (62 ± 7) and 4 (81 ± 8). All the findings were graded similarly irrespective of whether the grading scales or the morphing software was used (t-test paired samples; all p > 0.667), with the exception of corneal neovascularization for which grades were higher when using the grading scale (t-test paired sample; p = 0.012). Both subgroups had no significant deviation between grade of actual-scale image and grading by participant (p = 0.089 t-test unpaired samples).



Conclusions: Limits of grades of findings for morphing software could be determined and were integrated in the software. An exact grading is possible by use of grading scale and morphing software},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Jerchel2012,

title = {Objective classification and documentation of bulbar redness using a corneal topographer},

author = {Nicole Jerchel and Wolfgang Sickenberger and Marc M. Schulze},

url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1367048412001609

http://www.contactlensjournal.com/article/S1367-0484(12)00160-9/abstract},

doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2012.08.058},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-12-01},

urldate = {2012-12-01},

booktitle = {BCLA Abstract Book 2012},

volume = {35},

pages = {e18},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: To develop a novel automated method for objective classification and documentation of bulbar redness.



Method: The Oculus Keratograph, a corneal topographer was modified regarding illumination, camera and region of interest. 50 eyes of 25 subjects were imaged using the topographer and a slit lamp. 28 digital photographs of bulbar conjunctiva taken with the topographer and 10 images of the same eyes taken during the slit lamp examination were chosen. These 38 images were graded by 18 independent observers on a 100-point sliding scale through a world wide web-based survey. In addition, 25 of the 28 images taken with the topographer were digitally analysed to extract the following objective variables: proportion of area occupied by vessels (va), number of vessels (nv), proportion of area occupied by thin vessels (tva).



Results: The comparison of means for the subjective grading of both imaging methods showed significant differences in six of ten cases. (Wilcoxon test and t-test: p < 0.035). In general, subjective gradings of the slit lamp images showed a higher standard deviation than for the topographer images. There were significant associations between subjective grading estimates and all of the objective variables, with r(va) = 0.79, r(nv) = 0.843 and r(tva) = 0.811 (Spearman-Rank test; all p < 0.001).



Conclusions: Using a modified corneal topographer for imaging conjunctival redness is a novel approach that allows a more uniform and constant illumination compared to other imaging techniques. The objective quantification of redness was highly correlated to subjective grading, and might provide a better alternative in daily practice because it reduces the inherent variability of subjective assessments.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Kuntz2012,

title = {Novel method to evaluate the tear flow velocity by using a corneal topographer},

author = {Jörg Kuntz and Martina Michel and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {https://jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Poster_Joerg_Kuntz.pdf

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1367048412002020

http://www.contactlensjournal.com/article/S1367-0484(12)00202-0/abstract},

doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2012.08.100},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-12-01},

urldate = {2012-12-01},

booktitle = {BCLA Abstract Book 2012},

volume = {35},

pages = {e32},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: Aim of the study was to develop and test a novel method to evaluate the tear flow rate with a corneal topographer. The results were used in preparation for a subsequent objective analysis to classify tear film quality.



Methods: An appropriate application of the corneal topographer was developed to evaluate tear flow behavior of tear film by means of particles contained therein. 34 subjects (mean age 37.1± 19.1; male 38% female 62%) participated in this pilot study. A slitlamp observation was used for reference. To classify the flow behavior, established methods for tear film analysis were used (TMH; Interference; PRT). Particles were tracked manually to establish a base for the later development of automatic tracking.



Results. The median of the tear flow with the topographer was 1.19 mm/s (mean= 1.10± 0,39 mm/s) after 1 second, the median of the slitlamp was 1.15 mm/s (mean= 1.24± 0.47 mm/s). A normal distribution (Shapiro-Wilk-Test) was found for the new method (p=0.365) and the reference (p=0.216). No significant difference between the methods (p=0.113; T-Test) was found. A correlation between them (p=0.044) became obvious. However no correlation between these velocities and the established methods (TMH; Interference; PRT) was proved.



Conclusion: The modified illumination of the topographer allows a subjective assessment of the tear flow and its comparison with the reference. The objective analysis is due to this pilot study

limited. To develop a classification of this method, further studies are required.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Wittekind2012,

title = {Study determining the reproducibility of the non-invasive break- up time by corneal topographer (NIK-BUT) method for infrared, red and white illumination},

author = {Julia Wittekind and Sebastian Marx and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {https://jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Poster_BCLA_2012_JuliaWittekind.pdf

http://www.contactlensjournal.com/article/S1367-0484(12)00203-2/abstract},

doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2012.08.101},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-12-01},

urldate = {2012-12-01},

booktitle = {BCLA Abstract Book 2012},

volume = {35},

pages = {e32},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: The aim of the study was to measure the reproducibility of the non-invasive break-up time (NIK-BUT) method using three different illumination colours. 



Methods: 48 subjects were enrolled (mean age 34,8 ± 15,2 years; 50% female, 50% male). The reproducibility of NIK-BUT (OCULUS Keratograph 4, Version: 1.76b53rH) was tested on three consecutive days at the same day time. Infrared, red and white illumination was examined in a randomized order. A comparison of the first break-up (NIKf-BUT) and the average of all affected areas (NIKav-BUT) was made.



Results: The normal distribution (n=48, Shapiro-Wilk-test) of the results was yielded for the NIKav-BUT with red illumination. The other results of the examination are not normally distributed. Results show that there is no statistical difference regardless of the illumination, which was used on three consecutive days (infrared illumination without a glare ring: NIKfBUT p=0,09, NIKav-BUT p=0,243; white illumination with a glare ring: NIKf-BUT p=0,558, NIKav-BUT p=0,864; red illumination: NIKf-BUT p=0,763, NIKav-BUT p=0,781).



Conclusion: The results of the non-invasive keratographic break-up time on three successive days were equal.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Kuntz2012b,

title = {Computer-aided analysis of tear film velocity compared with established tear film tests},

author = {Jörg Kuntz and Martina Michel and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {https://jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/AAO2012-JK-Computer-aided-analysis-to-tear-film-velocity-compared-with-established-tear-film-tests.pdf

http://www.aaopt.org/computer-aided-analysis-tear-film-velocity-compared-established-tear-film-tests},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-11-01},

urldate = {2012-11-01},

number = {125575},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: To compare the tear film velocity measured in a manual analysis by means of a slit lamp with computer-aided analysis using a corneal topographer. These measurements of the tear flow behavior will be performed automatically. Correlations between the flow rates and established tear film tests were also carried out. 



Methods: A conventional slit lamp and a previously modified corneal topographer (Keratograph 4) was used to assess tear film velocity. The velocity of tear film particles of 34 participants (right and left eye; mean age 37.1+/-19.1years; male 38% female 62%) were recorded in a video. The velocity after 1 second was used for statistical analysis. The tear film velocity corresponds to the movement of these particles. Using the VIANA video analysis software, the velocity was analyzed automatically. The velocities measured with slit lamp were compared with those of the topographer (Pearson). Moreover, the correlation between the results of established tear film tests (tear meniscus height, lipid interference pattern, Phenol red test) and the velocities were determined (Spearman)



Results: The median of the tear film velocity assessed with the slit lamp was 1.15mm/s (mean 1.24+/-0.47mm/s), this assessed with the topographer was 1.19mm/s(mean 1.10+/-0.39mm/s). The results were normally distributed(Shapiro-Wilk-test) with both slit lamp (p=0.216) and topographer method (p=0.365). No significant difference between the methods (p=0.113; t-test; 95%CI(of differences) -0.34;-0.31mm/s) was found and the results correlated (r=0.347, p=0.044). However, no significant correlations between the velocities and established tear film tests were identified (p>0.05)



Conclusion: Modified topographer allows a user-friendly assessment of tear film velocity. A correlation between flow rates and established tests could not be detected. Further studies should be made to carry out and develop an automatically detection of particles and a classification of tear film velocity



Additional comments: The Keratograph 4 and was provided by Oculus GmbH. This study was accomplished without any financial support.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Rattunde2012,

title = {Experimental Study on Color Recognition Using a Hand-Eye Coordination Board},

author = {Ulrike Rattunde and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {https://jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/AAO2012-UR-Experimental-study-on-color-recognition-using-a-hand-eye-coordination-board.pdf

http://www.aaopt.org/experimental-study-color-recognition-using-hand-eye-coordination-board},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-11-01},

urldate = {2012-11-01},

number = {Number	 125318},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: The interaction of visual and motoric component is known as hand-eye or hand-foot coordination and demands high of the perception system. This ability can be practiced with a novel coordination board (twall?, IMM Holding GmbH) by deactivating flashing fields. The aim of this study was to determine one preference color out of the seven emitted light colors using a combination of a hand-eye coordination test and a visual selective task. 



Methods: In this prospective study 44 participants (25.0-1.9years; 64% female, 36% male) were included. They had to select a target color from distracting colors in a visual search task. The target color was presented in randomized orders and positions. The average reaction times of each color as well as the number of mistakes were recorded. Differences between the non-normally distributed reaction times for each color have been statistically tested with Friedman. 



Results: The colors red (851?147ms), green (904-152ms) and yellow (960-164ms) have been deactivated significantly faster (p<0.05) than rose (1103-184ms), pink (1119-167ms), blue (1225-204ms) and turquoise (1281-274ms). The mixing-up of blue and turquoise as well as rose and pink is the reason why mistakes only occurred in the target colors blue (49.0%), turquoise (40.2%), rose (8.8%) and pink (2.0%).



Conclusions: The selection of all seven colors showed preferences for red, green and yellow. A color optimization is necessary to design training for selective attention. 



Additional comments: This study was accomplished without any financial support.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Oehring2012,

title = {Prospective study to establish the standard value of tear film osmolarity of eye-healthy, asymptomatic subjects},

author = {Daniela Oehring and Wolfgang Sickenberger },

url = {https://jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/AAO2012-DO-Prospective-study-to-establish-the-standard-value-of-tear-film-osmolarity-of-eye-healthy-asymptomatic.pdf

http://www.aaopt.org/prospective-study-establish-standard-value-tear-film-osmolarity-eye-healthy-asymptomatic-subjects},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-11-01},

urldate = {2012-11-01},

number = {125074},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: To determine the standard value of tear osmolarity among eye-healthy, asymptomatic participants using TearLab Osmometer (TearLab Corporation) and to compare this value with past studies. 



Methods: In this prospective, randomized (eye side, used measured pen) clinical trial, 304 participants from 8 different German regions were included. Data were collected at 1 visit. After baseline examination, 134 participants (56 male/78 female; average age 40.9?15.9years) met the inclusion criteria. Participants using medication for regulation of water/electrolyte balance and medication which influenced tear production or tear film were excluded. The McMonnies DEQ was used to detect dry eye disease. A meta-analysis was conducted using 21 studies which examined asymptomatic participants fulfilling pre-defined criteria such as medication use or defined age of participants. 



Results: The mean osmolarity was determined at (303.3+/-17.3)mOsms/L. The osmolarity of right eye (304.9+/-18,2)mOsms/L was statistically significantly higher than of left eye (301.6+/-16.3)mOsms/L (t-test paired samples p=0.020) but not clinically relevant. When the osmolarity of only one eye is measured and the recommended Cut-Off-Value of 316mOsms/L was used to diagnose dry eye, the sensitivity of the test decreased from approx.. 95% to 61.6%. The mean osmolarity determined correlates with the value calculated in the meta-analysis (303.5+/-6.3mOsms/L , n=1463; t-test, unpaired samples p=0.901 reverse null hypothesis).



Conclusions: The mean osmolarity that was determined in this study may be used as representative for an asymptomatic patient. Measurement of osmolarity should be performed under stable laboratory conditions. When using the COV of 316 mOsms/L, the measurement of only one eye is not sufficient to make an exact diagnosis. It is indispensable to measure both eyes in order to diagnose dry eye disease. 



Additional comments: The TearLab Osmometer and equipment was provided by Ciba Vision Vertriebs GmbH and slit lamp by BonOptic GmbH. This study was accomplished without any financial support.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Blaurock2012,

title = {Bicentral, Prospective Study to Compare Corneal Diameter, Curvature and Eccentricity of Caucasian Eyes},

author = {Claudia Blaurock and Daniela Oehring and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {http://www.aaopt.org/bicentral-prospective-study-compare-corneal-diameter-curvature-and-eccentricity-caucasian-eyes

https://jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/final_WS_CB.pdf},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-11-01},

urldate = {2012-11-01},

number = {125656},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: To review the following hypothesis: the larger the corneal diameter the smaller the corneal curvature. Furthermore, the relationship between the corneal parameters which are important for soft contact lens fitting will be examined. 



Methods: In this retrospective study, 5827 data from right (52%) and left (48%) Caucasian eyes were analyzed. These data were exclusively taken from the Oculus Keratograph 4, which were collected in two different German locations (Jena n=1688 and Hildesheim n=4139) and saved from July 1999 to March 2012. 66% females and 34% males with an average age of (33.8; 14.2) years were included. Correlations were analyzed with Pearson coefficient. The following correlations were examined: corneal diameter, radii of corneal curvature and corneal eccentricity at 30DEG. Furthermore, the data were analyzed within the following groups: sex, age, eye side. 



Results: Between the corneal diameter (11.74+/-0.40mm), flat and steep corneal radius of curvature (7.86 +/- 0.28mm; 7.67 +/- 0.27mm), a small correlation (r=0.470; R2=0.221; p=0.000; r=0.477; R2=0.228; p=0.000) was determined. The results within the groups sex, age and eye side (p>0.005) were equivalent. The correlation between the flat and steep radius of curvature (7.86 +/- 0.28mm; 7.67+/-0.27mm) and the overall eccentricity (0.54 +/- 0.12) at 30DEG is: r=0.125; R2=0.016; p=0.000; r=0.092; R2=0.008; p=0.000. 51.2% of all data analyzed are located in the range of (11.34; 12.14)mm on the x-axis (corneal diameter) and (7.85; 8.14)mm at the y-axis (flat corneal radius of curvature).



Conclusion: The hypothesis the larger the corneal diameter the smaller the corneal curvature was proven and confirmed. Eyes with a flatter radius of curvature tend to have a higher eccentricity at 30DEG. The design of soft contact lenses referring to average values of corneal parameters leads to approx. 50% suitable contact lens geometries for contact lens wearers. 



Additional comment: study was accomplished without any financial support.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Michel2012,

title = {Optimization of the Non-Contact Meibography by means of an experimental Corneal Topographer},

author = {Martina Michel and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {http://www.aaopt.org/optimization-non-contact-meibography-means-experimental-corneal-topographer



https://jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/AAO-2012-Sinnig-Sickenberger-Meibography.pdf},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-11-01},

urldate = {2012-11-01},

number = {125663},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: To optimize the non-contact meibography using a corneal topographer to improve the image quality and to make the assessment of the meibomian gland morphology more accessible in daily practice, easier for the practitioner and more comfortable for the patient. 



Methods: A commercial corneal topographer was used to assess meibography images regarding illumination, magnification and field of view. With lenses which were adjusted in the calotte of the device the field of view, the optimal magnification and in this regard an appropriate working distance were determined to simplify the gland assessment for the investigator in terms of the eversion of the eyelid. With an experimental corneal topographer equipped with a high resolution camera and a manually adjustable magnification changer, the illumination was tested. Therefore, different IR-diodes with seven different wavelengths were tested as well as the number and the arrangement of the diodes were determined to achieve a good uniform illumination on the entire area of the everted eyelid. In addition, some software settings regarding white balance, exposure time and gain were optimized.



Results: The modifications tested were implemented in a new device (Keratograph 5M, Oculus). With this device, the assessment of the meibomian glands is possible with an adequate field of view of 25mm. The greater working distance facilitates the eversion of the eyelid. Due to the high resolution camera, high-quality photos and videos can be taken. Six vertically arranged IR-diodes with a wavelength of 840nm ensure a uniform illumination.



Conclusion: The morphology of the meibomian glands can be examined with the new device in an investigator and patient-friendly way. The excellent quality of the meibography images simplifies the evaluation of morphologic gland changes.



Additional comments: Optimization of the Non-Contact Meibography by means of an experimental Corneal Topographer},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Rattunde2012b,

title = {Explorative Study of a Reaction Time Comparison between Professional Athletes and Novices Using a Hand-Eye Coordination Board},

author = {Ulrike Rattunde and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {https://jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/AAO2012-UR-Explorative-study-of-a-reaction-time-comparison-between-professional-athlets-and-novices-using-a-hand-eye-coordination-board.pdf

http://www.aaopt.org/explorative-study-reactiontime-comparison-between-professional-athletes-and-novices-using-hand-eye},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-11-01},

urldate = {2012-11-01},

number = {125677},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: A proficient hand-eye coordination has great influence on the success of athletes in many sport disciplines and can be practiced with a novel coordination board (twall®, IMM Holding GmbH). A comparison was made between professional athletes and novices to determine differences in the hand-eye coordination performance. 



Methods: Nineteen female novices (24.7±2.1 years) were included in this study and data were collected by one observer. These prospective results were compared to the retrospective results (multi observers at Vision@Sports, January10-11, 2011) of 17 female athletes of the German women's national soccer team (24.1±4.6 years). During the test the coordination board was divided into two fields. Two participants, each participant at one field, were doing a challenge at the same time, deactivating only one color (blue or yellow). The testing period time as well as the number of mistakes was analyzed. 



Results: Differences between the non-normally distributed data of each group were tested statistically by means of Mann-Whitney-U test. In comparison to the novices (98.053±7.699s), the professional athletes (91.706±6.049s) achieved significantly better results in the testing period times (p=0.007). Furthermore, the average error rate of the athletes with 1.7-2.1 mistakes was significantly lower (p=0.011) than this of the novices (4.2-3.4 mistakes).



Conclusion: The athlete-novice comparison suggests that female professional athletes have better hand-eye coordination. To evaluate the performance parameter, the coordination board twall® is a useful device. 



Additional comments: The twall® was provided by IMM Holding GmbH. This study was accomplished without any financial support.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Oehring2012b,

title = {Development and Evaluation of a Novel Morphing Software to gradeSlit Lamp Findings},

author = {Daniela Oehring and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {https://jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Poster_2012_DO_final.pdf

http://www.aaopt.org/development-and-evaluation-novel-morphing-software-grade-slit-lamp-findings},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-10-26},

urldate = {2012-10-26},

number = {120671},

address = {Phoenix},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: To develop and to evaluate new morphing software for eight different slit lamp findings and to compare the grading results with the new morphing software and with a printed grading scale. 



Methods: The morphing software (MS) was coded in ActionScript (V2.8;Adobe Systems). The 8 most common slit lamp findings: bulbar, limbal, tarsal redness, corneal neovascularisation, corneal staining, 3h/9h staining, SICS and polymegathismus were used in the MS based on a novel grading scale (JenVis Contact Lenses Grading Scales). For each finding, 101 images were modified from normal to severe using image editing software (Adobe Photoshop CS4). In the software images were arranged chronologically and converted into a video clip. 67 participants (22 students, 45 professionals) assessed these findings. Five grades were evaluated. For this purpose, the image number was coded into running time. The participants had to fix the video position where they had identified the limit of the current grade. The study was divided into three phases. First, five actual-scale images were evaluated using grading scale. Second, the limits of grades were determined using MS. Third, actual-scale images were graded by software, too. 



Results: Grade limits were on average: Grade 1 (17+/-8), 2 (39+/-8), 3 (62+/-7) and 4 (81+/-8). All findings were graded similarly irrespective of whether grading scale or MS was used (t-test paired samples; p>0.667), with exception of corneal neovascularization for which grades were higher when using grading scale (t-test paired sample; p=0.012). Both groups had no significant deviation between grading the actual-scale image with printed scale and MS (p=0.089 t-test paired samples).



Conclusion: New MS was developed to carry out training units which are useful for educational purposes and particularly in clinical research to train different observers to grade uniformly. Limits of grades of findings for morphing software could be determined. Limits are valid and can be integrated in the software.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Holzhey2012,

title = {Influence analysis of stroboscobic training on anticipative skills and temporal resolutions using computer-based and electrophysiological tests},

author = {Claudia Holzhey and Wolfgang Sickenberger and Ralph Huonker},

url = {https://jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/AAO2012-CH-Influence-Analysis-of-STroboscopic-training-on-anticipative-skills-and-temporal-resolution-using-computer-based.pdf

http://www.aaopt.org/influence-analysis-stroboscopic-training-anticipative-skills-and-temporal-resolution-using-computer},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-10-25},

urldate = {2012-10-25},

number = {125320},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: In addition to sport-motoric fitness, the performance of athletes is decisively destined by visual perception, especially in fast ball sports. Innovative training tools - such as the MJ Impulse shutter goggles - shall improve visual parameters. By using the MJ Impulse, the present pilot study helps to describe the effectiveness of a single stroboscopic training on anticipative skills such as reaction time and decision making as well as on temporal resolution.



Methods: In a controlled study design, 27 subjects participated in a thirty-minute MJ Impulse training. Starting with a frequency of 5 Hz and a light/dark ratio of 45 to 55%, test persons did simple passing and reaction exercises. Every ten minutes, the duration of the dark period was increased by 5%. The evaluation of the perception training was carried out by a pre- and post-test using three self-programmed computer scenarios and a flicker fusion test based on the Vienna Test System. Five of the 27 subjects additionally took part in EEG-measurements to validate the outcome of the flicker fusion test.



Results: The data evaluation is based on a Mixed Factorial ANOVA as well as variance analyses within each experimental group. The flicker frequency, as a parameter of temporal resolution, significantly decreased within the test group by 2.3% (p=0.00) whereas it increased in the control group. There was no evidence in the EEG measurements due to the fact that electrophysiological signals are still detectable although the flicker fusion threshold is subjectively achieved. A subjective improvement in reaction time could not confirmed by the objective psycho-physiologically measured values. Concerning the anticipation of two-dimensional motions no changes were found.



Conclusions: A single training using the MJ Impulse seems to have a negative impact on the flicker frequency. Further studies are required to detect a long-term effect and to validate the results ascertained.



Additional comments: No conflict of interest to disclose. },

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Müller2012,

title = {Determination of Thickness Profiles of Toric SCLs and New Relevant SHCLs Using Scheimpflug Technology},

author = {Christiane Müller and Wolfgang Sickenberger and Sebastian Marx},

url = {https://jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Poster-englisch-Müller.pdf



https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311536498_Determination_of_Thickness_Profiles_of_Toric_SCLs_and_New_Relevant_SHCLs_Using_Scheimpflug_Technology},

doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.34498.58564},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-06-01},

urldate = {2012-06-01},

address = {Croatia, Opatjia},

organization = {Optometry Conference of Central and South-Eastern Europe},

abstract = {Abstract 



Purpose: (1) Primary objective was the characterization of thickness profiles and lens stabilization systems of toric soft contact lenses (SCLs) and new siliconhydrogel contact lenses (SHCLs) in vitro. (2) The second aim was to measure the SCL without dyeing them with fluorescein.



Materials and methods: (1) A Scheimpflug camera (Pentacam, Oculus) was used to measure eight different toric SCL brands and two new SHCL brands, 81 lenses in total. Presize lens cross-sections were generated to create a colour-coded Dk/t map by combining the thickness profile with the DK value of the material. (2) The Scheimpflug camera was modified to relinquish of dyeing the lenses with fluorescein. To compare the results, the lenses were cut into thin profile slides and examined with a microscope by the Zeiss Axio software.



Results: (1) It is possible to visualize different stabilization systems and BVPs of toric as well as spherical SCL. There is a significant strong positive linear correlation except one point (rmax= 0,983, p<0,001, rmin= 0,297, p=0,066) between the Scheimpflug and microscopy method when lenses weren`t dyed, and as well with dyeing the lenses (rmax= 0,941, p<0,001, rmin= 0,791, p<0,001). (2) The new modified Scheimpflug camera detects thickness values of an area over 14 mm diameters without dyeing the lenses.



Conclusion: (1) The thickness profiles can be used to characterize designs of SCLs and to visualize the oxygen transmissibility over the entire area of various lens types. (2) Using the new modified Scheimpflug camera, profiles can be generated of SCLs without dyeing.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Leube2012,

title = {The application of the indentation test on the measurement of modulus of soft contact lens materials},

author = {Alexander Leube and Wolfgang Sickenberger and Sebastian Marx},

url = {https://jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Poster-Leube-AAO.pdf

http://www.aaopt.org/application-indentation-test-measurement-modulus-soft-contact-lens-materials},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

urldate = {2012-01-01},

booktitle = {American Academy of Optometry},

number = {125301},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: To develop a novel, non-destructive method that evaluates the modulus of common soft contact lens materials. In course of this potential confounding factors should be examine. 



Methods: According to the instrumented indentation test (ISO 14577) a micro-hardness tester (Fischerscope HM2000) was used to measure the modulus of softcontact lenses. To evaluate the confounding factors, measurements with three different fluids (saline, blister and conditioned solution) and contact lenses of different thicknesses were performed. Also the influence of stacking (different numbers of lenses above each other) was examined. To get comparable values of market leading soft contact lenses the modulus of five different monthly and three different daily disposable lenseswith the power of +6D were examined by using fully hydrated conditions. 



Results: The analysis of the confounding factors shows that the achieved modulus measured in saline solution is significant lower in comparison to a conditioned solution (p<0.001, t-test) and a blister solution (p=0.003, t-test). Measurements of thinner lenses resulted in higher modulus values (rmin=0.781 p=0.236; rmax=0.995 p=0.032). For the use of stacking the standard deviation is rising (r=0.878 p=0.789, t-test).In every case the modulusof the measured contact lenses were significant different (p<0.001, t-test) to the values that are given by the manufacturers. The coefficient of variation ranged from 2% up to 35%.



Conclusions: For all market leading contact lenses the indentation test was applicable. Several confounding factors were examined and described. The study provides comparable values for the modulus of all common soft contact lens materials. These measurements were performed under fully hydrated conditions the first time. 



Additional comments: This study was accomplished without any financial support.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Mothes2011,

title = {Thickness of spherical and toric SCLs measured in vitro by Scheimpflug's principal for determination of the Dk transmissibility values},

author = {Kai Mothes and Sebastian Marx and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {https://jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Poster_BCLA_2011_Thickness_of_spherical_and-toric_SCLs_FINAL.pdf

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1367048411600957},

doi = {doi:10.1016/S1367-0484(11)60095-7},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-12-01},

urldate = {2011-12-01},

booktitle = {Abstracts of the 2011 BCLA Annual Clinical Conference, Manchester, UK},

volume = {34},

pages = {20},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: Ensuring a sufficient supply of oxygen forms the base for healthy long-term contact lens wear. Therefore the Dk/t values of each contact lens material should be given, regardless of power and independent of the point of measurement. In this study, using a Scheimpflug imaging system the thickness of spherical and toric SCLs were obtained at each point of the lens in vitro to achieve Dk/t values as well.



Methods: In this study 27 lower and 30 higher Dk/t-valued SCLs were comparatively examined with Scheimpflug imaging and under a microscope. The investigated lens powers were -1D; -3D and -6D including toric SCLs up to a cylinder value of -1,75D. For better detection of lens surfaces and for algorithmic evaluation of a 14mm diameter the scattered light portion is raised by soaking all lenses into a 2*10-4% fluorescent solution for 30 seconds up to 15 minutes. The investigation results of the scattered light measurement as well as the comparison of the thickness values of both tests were examined by using non-parametric analyses.



Results: The Scheimpflug imaging is suitable to achieve entire lens profiles of all spherical and toric SCLs. Thickness profiles of toric SCLs correspond to stabilization designs declared by manufactures. The different material groups are not significant comparable (p<0.001) in scattering light components according to defined insertion times. Furthermore a significant moderate to strong positive linear correlation (rmin=0.554, rmax=0.914, p <0.001) was detected between both measurement methods.



Conclusions: Thickness profiles and thus the visualization of oxygen transmissibility can be simulated for all SCLs in a color-coded way. For a scientific prospective as well as a practical application the Scheimpflug measurement represents the possibility of a non-disintegrative way of getting lens thickness values, look at toric lens designs and to give statements concerning the suitability of a contact lens for daily or extended wear.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Sickenberger2011,

title = {Improvement of optical business with contact lens supported spectacle dispensing in Germany},

author = {Wolfgang Sickenberger and Martina Michel and Sebastian Marx},

url = {https://jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Poster_BCLA2011_Sickenberger_Michel_Marx.pdf

http://www.contactlensjournal.com/article/S1367-0484(11)60167-7/abstract},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2013.08.152},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-12-01},

urldate = {2011-12-01},

booktitle = {Abstracts of the 2011 BCLA Annual Clinical Conference, Manchester, UK},

journal = {Contact Lens and Anterior Eye},

volume = {34},

pages = {38},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: To prove the benefit of using contact lenses for choosing spectacles for the German market based on the “EASE” study, which was implemented in Great Britain in 2009.



Method: 26 optician outlets throughout Germany participated in the study. 468 subjects with no history of contact lens wear were randomly assigned in a test group (n=306) and a control group (n=162). Contact lenses were offered to the test group as an aid to choosing spectacles, whereas the control group chose their spectacles as usual. The subjects purchase experience, the purchase value of spectacles and a subsequent purchase of contactlenses was assessed and compared for both groups.



Results: The results of an inquiry before spectacle dispensing were approximately similar for both groups (p≥0.219). However after choosing their spectacles the test group rated the purchase experience considerably better than the control group (p≤0.011). 94.8% of the test group agreed to use contact lenses. 82.4% of them were successfully fitted with lenses. The difference of the purchase value was statistically significant between the two groups (p=0.04; variance analysis). The test group spend on average €546.60 for the spectacles, compared to €481.40 in the control group. Within the next three month after spectacle dispensing 52.0% of the test group and 22.8% of the control group purchased contact lenses. 



Conclusions: The study clearly showed that the use of contact lenses for choosing spectacles can improve both purchase experience for patients and the purchase value of spectacles and contact lenses.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Schubart2011,

title = {Comparison of established tear film test with a new non-invasive tear film analysis method in patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca},

author = {Johannes Schubart and Martina Michel and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {https://jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Poster-BCLA-2011-NIKBUT-dry-eye-group-final.pdf

http://www.contactlensjournal.com/article/S1367-0484(11)60085-4/abstract},

doi = { http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1367-0484(11)60085-4},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-11-01},

urldate = {2011-11-01},

booktitle = {Abstracts of the 2011 BCLA Annual Clinical Conference, Manchester, UK},

journal = {Contact Lens and Anterior Eye},

volume = {34},

pages = {17-18},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: To investigate the applicability of the non-invasive Keratograph break-up time (NIK-BUT) diagnosing patients with keratokonjunctivitis sicca (KCS) and to expand the current classification for this new tear film assessment method.



Methods: 62 previously diagnosed KCS-patients participated in the study (mean age 63.4±14.9 years; 71% female, 29% male). A control group with asymptomatic participants and a similar test procedure was analyzed in a previous study. The clinical examination included the determination of the tear meniscus height, fluorescein break-up time, Schirmer test (without anaesthetic) and the McMonnies dry eye questionnaire. Each test was scored on a 3 point scale and to be classified as having dry eye patients had to be rated as at least level 3 on three of the four tests. The effectiveness in prediction of KCS with the first break-up (NIKf-BUT) and the average break-up (NIKav-BUT) time was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic curves.



Results: The area under the curve was 0.816 (p=0.002) for NIKf-BUT and 0.744 (p<0.001) for NIKav-BUT, representing an acceptable to good test accuracy. Dry eye cut-off values for NIKf-BUT of 3sec revealed a sensitivity and specificity of 76% and NIKav-BUT of 7sec determined a sensitivity of 67% and specificity of 66%.



Conclusion: The classification of NIK-BUT is suitable for categorizing patients with KCS and the method is applicable as an examiner-independent,

non-invasive analysis of tear film in clinical use.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Wiedemann2010,

title = {Validation of an objective non-invasive method for a qualitative tear film assessment using a corneal topographer},

author = {Doreen Wiedemann and Wolfgang Sickenberger and Martina Michel and Sebastian Marx},

url = {https://jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Poster_Val.pdf

http://www.aaopt.org/validation-objective-non-invasive-method-qualitative-tear-film-assessment-using-corneal-topographer},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-11-18},

urldate = {2010-11-18},

number = {105246},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: Aim of the study was the validation of an objective non-invasive method for a qualitative tear film assessment (NIK-BUT) using a corneal topographer. 



Methods: The NIK-BUT was measured by a corneal topographer (OCULUS Keratograph 4) and its new developed measuring software (TF-Scan), which allows a detection of the non-invasive tear film break-up time automatically. A tear-map illustrates affected areas according to the break-up time, whereas the first distortion of the reflected Placido-disc (NIK-BUTf) and the average of all affected areas (NIK-BUTav) are generated. 101 subjects ranging in the age of 41 ±16 years (56% female, 44% male) were measured.



The results were classified and compared with results of established tear film assessment techniques (TMH, BUT-test, Schirmer I-test, McMonnies-DEQ). The data of the study was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC).



Results: Within all methods no normal distribution was found (n=101; Shapiro-Wilk-Test). The evaluation of the 101 subjects resulted in a median NIK-BUTf of 10.8s (mean=11.2±5.3s), a median NIK-BUTav of 15.1s (mean=14.4±5.2s). The predictive power of the first and the average NIK-BUT were significant (NIK-BUTf: AUC=0.679; p=0.016; NIK-BUTav: AUC=0.646; p=0.048) with a cut off value of NIK-BUTf≥9s and NIK-BUTav≥14s. Furthermore an evaluation was carried out at which only the tests with the highest sensitivity (BUT; DEQ) were considered. The results were significant and with strong predictive power (NIK-BUTf: AUC=0.750; p=0.000; NIK-BUTav: AUC=0.735; p=0.000). The cut off values were NIK-BUTf≥10s and NIK-BUTav≥14s.



Conclusions: The NIK-BUT measurement represents one of the first objective and non invasive tear film assessment techniques that supplies good classification results. Single and high efficacy reference tests are particularly suitable for the determination of the cut off values.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Wiedemann2010b,

title = {Development and realization of a new non-invasive method for tear film assessment using a corneal topographer},

author = {Doreen Wiedemann and Wolfgang Sickenberger and Martina Michel and Sebastian Marx},

url = {http://www.aaopt.org/development-and-realization-non-invasive-method-tear-film-assessment-using-corneal-topographer},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-11-18},

urldate = {2010-11-18},

number = {105356},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: Aim of the study was the development and realization of a non-invasive method for qualitative and quantitative tear film assessment using a corneal topographer. 



Methods: Prior to the measurements new program-modifications for the corneal topographer were developed and introduced in order to determine the tear meniscus height (NIK-TMH) and the non-invasive tear film break-up time (NIK-BUT). The NIK-BUT measurement is based on the projection of a Placido-disc and its reflection from the tear film. To compare the new method with established techniques the tear meniscus was measured by slit lamp observation (TMH) and the non invasive tear film break-up time (NIBUT) by using the Tearscope (Keeler). 



Results: Tear meniscus height: A normal distribution (n=34, mean age 28.32± 7.17 years, 47% female, 53% male; Shapiro-Wilk-Test) was found for both methods. The mean NIK-TMH and TMH was 0.18 ±0.03 mm with a low correlation due to the distribution of the single values.



Tear film break-up time: Neither the BUT nor the NIK-BUT results showed a normal distribution. The evaluation of the measurements was made for 17 subjects according to the NIBUT definition (Mengher et. al). All other subjects (n=17) blinked before the measurement was finished. The NIK-BUT median was 11.33s (mean 12.75±5.24s) and the NIBUT median was 8.8s (mean 10.0±5.0s). There was a significant difference between both techniques (sign rank test according to Wilcoxon). The measuring range was considerably larger with the corneal topographer (9.4±0.5mm; Tearscope (Keeler): 4.2±0.3mm) and enables the determination of peripheral break-up areas. 



Conclusions: The developed non-invasive technique allows the assessment of the tear meniscus height and the tear film break-up time and represents an advanced alternative for the qualitative and quantitative tear film analysis.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Sickenberger2010,

title = {Comparison an repeatability of two methods for tear meniscus height measurements},

author = {Wolfgang Sickenberger and Doreen Wiedemann and Daniela Oehring},

url = {http://www.aaopt.org/comparison-and-repeatability-two-different-methods-tear-meniscus-height-measurement},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-11-18},

urldate = {2010-11-18},

number = {105353},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: Primary aim of the study was the comparison and repeatability of tear meniscus height (TMH) measurement using a slit lamp and the corneal topographer including new developed measuring software (NIK-TMH). 



Methods: The TMH was measured by using a corneal topographer (Keratograph 4, OCULUS) and its new developed measuring software (TF-Scan), which allows the detection of the tear prism non-invasively. To compare this novel technique the TMH was also measured by using the slit lamp (SL 150, Zeiss) including an eyepiece with measuring scale. All subjects (n=101; mean age 41 ±16 years; 56% female; 44% male) were measured 3 times under repeatability conditions. The range of measuring at the lower eyelid margin was perpendicular to the centre of the pupil. The data of the study was evaluated by quantitative and qualitative statistical methods, especially the intra-observer repeatability with the standardized Cohen's kappa coefficient (probability of 95%). 



Results: Within both methods no normal distribution was found (Shapiro-Wilk-Test; p=0.000). The mean NIK-TMH was 0.24±0.06 mm and the mean TMH 0.24±0.06 mm. There was a strong correlation (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient) between both methods (ρ=0.722; bilateral level of significance: 0.01). The standardized Cohen's kappa measures an agreement between the single NIK-TMH results of κ = 9.76 and between the single TMH results of κ = 9.56 (unilateral level of significance: 0.001).



Conclusions: The intra-observer repeatability in the established TMH method is under discussion as well as in the new method. Both methods showed a high correlation to evaluate the TMH. The NIK-TMH allows the measurement of the tear prism under standardised, non invasive conditions including the possibility to measure it in different areas.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Sickenberger2010b,

title = {Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity of adapted ok patients vs. lasik patients with regard to legal requirements of driver license},

author = {Wolfgang Sickenberger and Katja Hebestedt},

url = {http://www.aaopt.org/visual-acuity-and-contrast-sensitivity-adapted-ok-patients-vs-lasik-patients-regard-legal},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-11-17},

urldate = {2010-11-17},

number = {100365},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: Aim of the study was the evaluation of adapted orthokeratology patients (OK) vs. LASIK patients. Driver’s license and visual acuity in OK and LASIK patients are discussed controversially in Europe. The examination of the visual acuity, contrast sensitivity under mesopic conditions and glare contrast sensitivity are main topics of this study. 



Methods: This multicenter study includes 125 subjects. 65 subjects were habitual wearers of OK contact lenses, 60 subjects were treated by standard and wavefront-guided LASIK. Follow-up time was 22.8±11.9 months. The measurement of the visual acuity was based on DIN and ISO Standards (8596) Mesotest II was used for testing contrast sensitivity under mesopic conditions and glare contrast sensitivity. Detecting the personal evaluation of vision and satisfaction, subjects were instructed to complete a standardized questionnaire (NEI-RQL-42). 



Results: Relating to the legal regulations in Germany a sufficient visual acuity was found in 76.7% of the LASIK, in 73.9% of the OK subjects. 71.7% of the LASIK subjects, 95.7% of



Ortho-K subjects are able to drive a vehicle, if the DOG recommendations were used regarding to contrast sensitivity under mesopic conditions and glare contrast sensitivity. The evaluation of the subjective questionnaire showed high ratings in the Ortho-K (mean 85 of 100 points) and the LASIK (mean 86 of 100 points) group with no statistically significant differences.





Conclusions: Considering the legal regulations the volume of the subjects of Ortho-K and LASIK showed no significant difference of driving suitable persons compared with the reference. },

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Oehler2009,

title = {Visual acuity, mesopic vision and sidability glare of german passenger car drivers},

author = {Saskia Oehler and Hendrik Jungnickel and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {http://www.aaopt.org/study-about-visual-acuity-mesopic-vision-and-disability-glare-german-passenger-car-drivers},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-11-12},

urldate = {2009-11-12},

number = {95692},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: This study analyses the visual performance of German passenger car drivers and their self- evaluation. The focus lies on visual acuity, mesopic vision and disability glare. It has to be checked whether the driver’s vision test in Germany should be repeated. 



Methods: In a prospective cross-sectional study the visual acuity of 132 subjects was tested with a Binotest. Mesopic vision and disability glare was checked by two different tests (Mesotest, OCULUS) with different ambient light.



89 subjects were measured with a "Sehtest-Mobil" (SWAV) in the motorway service area Hockenheim West, another 43 subjects at the University of Applied Sciences Jena. The subjective evaluation of every person was determined by a questionary that consisted of questions from NEI-RQL-42 and self-established questions belonging to driver’s vision.



Results: According to current law 23.5% of the subjects have failed the vision test for drivers. 16.7% failed the test of visual acuity, 0.8% failed the mesopic vision test and 9.8% weren’t able to pass the test of their disability glare. Separated into both groups, in the motorway service area 16.4% failed the test of visual acuity, 1.1% the test of mesopic vision and 12.4% the test of disability glare.



In Jena 28% failed the test of visual acuity and 4.6% the test of disability glare. Everybody passed the mesopic vision test in Jena. 



Finally, the subjective evaluation was often not correlated with the objective measurements



Conclusions: Due to the missing correlation between subjective evaluation and objective measurements it is necessary to repeat the driver vision test after a certain amount of years free from age.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Muentz2009,

title = {Solution induced staining with a new silicone hydrogel cl},

author = {Alex Muentz and Frank Widmer and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {http://www.aaopt.org/solution-induced-staining-new-silicone-hydrogel-cl},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-11-11},

urldate = {2009-11-11},

number = {95734},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: To asses the different levels of corneal and bulbar staining after 2 hrs and after 5 days of lens wear with a new SiHy CL and three solutions. 



Methods: The study was designed as a randomized, unmasked, contralateral, clinical study. 32 px could be included and observed over 5 days. Corneal staining level was checked on the first day at baseline and after 2 hrs wearing; again on the 5th day with no lenses and after 2 hrs wearing. In between (2nd to 4th day), lenses were worn for at least 6 hrs a day. Prior to first wear, new SiHy lenses (Definitive™) were soaked for at least 12 hrs in three different solutions: Optifree® Replenish® (Polidronium chlorid), Concare© Sept (3% hydrogen peroxide) and Concare© OnlyOne (Polyhexanidum). Staining was examined using sodium fluorescein; staining severity was classified from 0 to 4, over the entire corneal surface. 



Results: The combination of Optifree® Replenish® or Concare© Sept with the Definitive™ SiHy did not exhibit significant changes in staining, when the cornea was compared before and after 2 hrs of wear. Concare© OnlyOne caused severe staining after 2 hrs of wear on the first day (p=0.01, mean grade 3.5) and on the fifth day (p=0.02, mean grade 3.57). When compared to the baseline status, patients using Concare© OnlyOne manifested significant changes in staining even on the fifth day, with no lenses. This means that staining was present even after more than 12 hrs of wear interruption. Concare© Sept and Optifree® Replenish® provide very similar (low) results when compared to usage with common SiHy: the corneal staining is minimal, if present at all. Additional solutions (i.e. Synergi) are currently being evaluated.



Conclusions: The multipurpose solution Concare© OnlyOne is not indicated for use with Definitive™ SiHy. Concare© Sept as well as Optifree® Replenish® can be safely used with Definitive™. These results indicate that as new CL-materials appear, various solutions can lead to great differences in results of ocular response. Thus, all possible new CL/new solution combinations should be tested before being launched on the market.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Marx2009,

title = {Contact Lens-Wearing Experience with Daily Disposable Lenses in Neophytes},

author = {Sebastian Marx and Wolfgang Sickenberger and Martina Michel and Mary Fahmy and Tim Giles

},

url = {http://www.aaopt.org/contact-lens-wearing-experience-daily-disposable-lenses-neophytes

https://jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/AAO-2009-Clinical-Evaluationof-two-daily-disposable-contact-lenses-SM-MM-MS-TG-WS.pdf},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-11-11},

urldate = {2009-11-11},

number = {95882},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: Most contact-lens related trials are conducted on experienced patients, yet the neophyte presents unique challenges and opportunities. Neophytes must become adapted to the sensation of a lens in the eye, learn to insert and remove lenses, and be willing and able to follow practitioner recommendations for lens wear, replacement and aftercare. An exploratory clinical trial 4 weeks in duration was conducted to evaluate various aspects of lens wear and fitting in neophytes with two daily disposable contact lenses. 



Methods: 51 subjects were randomized to either wear DAILIES® AquaComfort Plus™ or 1-Day Acuvue® TruEye™ bilaterally. They were seen at weeks 1, 2, and 4 from dispensing and completed a subjective questionnaire regarding their experiences. A post-study questionnaire was administered once the subjects had completed the trial. 



Results: Average training time for insertion and removal was approximately 20 minutes. Within the first week, subjects achieved an average of 11 to 12 hours of wear per day, and 8 to10 hours of comfortable wear. All subjects achieved acceptable fit with the study lenses. While most differences were not statistically significant due to the small sample size, subjective ratings of overall comfort, vision, handling, and satisfaction as well as comfortable wearing time favored the DAILIES lens initially and were at parity by the 4 week visit. At the end of the trial, 59-73% of subjects were "very satisfied" with the lenses, and 73-89% indicated they "definitely" or "probably" would purchase the lenses.



Conclusions: Often, practitioners are reluctant to offer contact lenses to non-lens-wearers. The results of this clinical trial indicate that neophytes fit with one of two daily disposable lenses achieved successful fits, with minimal training time required. Confidence in a high success rate may encourage practitioners to offer daily disposable lenses to spectacle wearers, rather than relying on the patient to make the first inquiry.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Marx2007,

title = {Individual Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lenses},

author = {Sebastian Marx and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {https://jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/AAO-07-Individual-Silicone-Hydrogel-Contact-Lenses-WSSM.pdf

http://www.aaopt.org/individual-silicone-hydrogel-contact-lenses},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-10-25},

urldate = {2007-10-25},

number = {075157},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: Primary objective of the study was to evaluate CL fitting characteristics, slit lamp findings, wearing comfort, comfortable wearing time and wettability with individual silicone hydrogel contact lenses out of sifilcon A. Furthermore the results should be compared to baseline data. 



Methods: 36 existing contact lens wearers from the subject population at the investigational site of JENVIS Research at the University of Applied Sciences in Jena, Germany were enrolled in this trial. 28 women and 8 males ranged in age from 18 to 56 years with a mean of 29 ± 5 years. Each subject was fitted with sifilcon A lenses bilaterally for a three month daily wear period. The subjects met following inclusion criteria: spherical ametropia over ±4.0D (cyl max 1/5 sph) and/or flat K>8.2mm steep K<7.4, HVID >12.5mm or <11.3mm. The lens design was individually chosen out of 3 different diameters and 11 base curves. Fit, VA, comfort, slit lamp findings, wearing time and wettability were assessed at baseline with the habitual lenses. The same parameters were assessed at dispensing visit respective at follow up visits after one week, one month and three months. 



Results: The comfort over day as well as the end of day comfort improved significantly p<0.001. Limbal redness was reducing constantly and significantly (p<0.001) over the test period. The comfortable wearing time was at every follow up visit about two hours increased compared to baseline visit with the habitual lenses. The sifilcon A lenses provided a good wettability when the subjects were in compliance with the cleaning procedure. If not and slight deposits were detected the wettability was reduced (hazy surface).



Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that wearers of conventional soft contact lenses (none SiHy) also benefit from silicone hydrogel material. Furthermore it is shown that the sifilcon A material can be worn over three months without problems when the compliance is kept.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Pfeiffer2007,

title = {Comparative performance study of soft contact lenses and spectacles for suitability in alpine skiing},

author = {Katarina Pfeiffer and Wolfgang Sickenberger and Joachim Nick},

url = {https://jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/AAO-2007-Comparative-Performance-trial-of-soft-contact-lenses-and-spectacles-in-suitability-for-alpine-skiing.pdf

http://www.aaopt.org/comparative-performance-study-soft-contact-lenses-and-spectacles-suitability-alpine-skiing},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-10-24},

urldate = {2007-10-24},

number = {075134},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: Primary aim of this study is to compare soft contact lenses and spectacles in use at alpine skiing. Objective measures especially visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, as well as the subjective ratings were observed. All patients were asked to use both vision devices while active skiing in a parallel cross over study design.



Methods: Thirty- six patients with an average age of 41.6 ± 8.8 years were could be included in this study. Two stations (basis 1800 meter and peak 3500 meter) were used for measurements and interviews three times a day (morning, noon and evening). The first group were asked to test contact lenses in alpine skiing whereas the second group tested spectacles. Next day both vision devices where switched between the groups and all objective and subjective measurement were observed again.



Results: Contrast sensitivity was significantly lower for contact lenses compared to spectacles (p= 0.00014) and there was a statistically significant difference in visual acuity (p= 2.898 E-06). Visual acuity fluctuated for spectacles (Vmorning= 1.0; Vnoon= 1.25p; Vafternoon= 1.0pp) and was constant for contact lenses the whole day (V= 1.0pp). Ratings in vision showed the following results for contact lenses: vision (p = 0.0039), safety in diffuse light (p= 0.0499) and safety in bright light (p= 0.0018), field of vision (p= 1.947E-05). Conveniences and flexibility with sun glasses and filter glasses (p= 1.296E-06). There was no statistically significant difference in wearing comfort (p= 0.649) and tearing eyes (p= 0.65). The skiers were asked to avaluate pros and cons for contact lenses (63 pros and 34 cons) in comparison to spectacles (31 pros and 47 cons).



Conclusion: Both vision devices are good possibilities for skisport. Contact lenses showed better results in subjective ratings in comparison to spectacles for visual acuity and contrast sensibility. },

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Schubert2007,

title = {Relevance for Screening Color Vision Deficiency Using Signal Lanterns While Taking Air Safety Criteria into Account},

author = {Annegret Schubert and Hans Brandl and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {https://jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/AAO-Tampa-AS.pdf

http://www.aaopt.org/relevance-screening-color-vision-deficiency-using-signal-lanterns-while-taking-air-safety-criteria},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-10-24},

urldate = {2007-10-24},

number = {075051},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: Analysis of the relevance to aviation of the color vision test method using signal lanterns



Methods: The chromaticity coordinates x and y of color-coded displays in cockpits of four different types of civilian and military aircrafts (TIGER, Eurofighter, NH 90 and Cessna Citation Sovereign) were determined at color-coded displays. Spectrophotometer was used to measure the chromaticity coordinates x and y on flight-relevant information displays such as the Primary Flight Display and the Multifunction Display.The chromaticity coordinates of the signal lanterns (Holmes&Wright, Spectrolux&Beyne) and cockpit displays were compared with each other. Also the absolute and relative saturation of the chromaticity coordinates were determined for the purpose of demonstrating the results



Results: The range of colors in modern glass cockpits is of much greater variety than that presented by signal lanterns.The chromaticity coordinates determined in glass cockpits are located in a significantly more unsaturated range (Eurofighter saturation range 0.22 for Red and 0.20 for Green) than that of signal lanterns (e.g. saturation range of the Beyne’s lantern:0.37 for Red and 0.40 for Green).The color coordinates of the lanterns are close to the spectral color curve. Signal lanterns (Beyne’s) test for individual color points that are distant from each other (Red:x=0.7;y=0.3;Green:x=0.19;y=0.71 and White:x=0.49;y=0.44)



Conclusions: An individual with defective color vision can discriminate between these colors indeed, since the person is capable of discriminating between colors by sensing differences in luminance.When comparing the chromaticity coordinates of the measured displays it can be assumed that such a person may have difficulties to optimally discriminate between those colors on a display, although the person had passed the signal lantern test.This leads to the question whether flight safety still exists in this context. Signal lantern tests don`t provide information about the acuity of an individual’s color sense},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Schieritz2006,

title = {Performance Study of Two Different Daily Disposable Contact Lenses},

author = {Peggy Schieritz and Wolfgang Sickenberger and Sebastian Marx

},

url = {http://www.aaopt.org/performance-study-two-different-daily-disposable-contact-lenses

https://jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/ASCC-AAO-Denver-ps-sm-v5.pdf},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-01-01},

urldate = {2006-01-01},

number = {065269},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: Primary objective of the study was to evaluate vision performance, CL fitting characteristics, wearing comfort and wettability of two different daily disposable contact lenses regarding the ski sport in high altitude. 



Methods: Thirty subjects with an average age of 39.3 ± 9.3 years were enrolled in a prospective, double-blind contralateral study. All subjects were free of pathologic findings at baseline. The subjects were allocated in a group of neophytes and a group of existing contact lens wearers. Each subject was fitted with Nelfilcon lenses (Focus® DAILIES® and Focus® DAILIES® with AquaComfortTM) contralaterally. Visual acuity and wettability were assessed in the morning before and in the afternoon after skiing in the base camp on 1700m altitude. Wearing comfort was graded by subjects on visual analog scales from 0 (unacceptable) up to 100 (excellent). Valuations were given in the morning and in the afternoon in the base camp and at noon on the peak station in 3500m altitude. In addition the wettability of both contact lenses was evaluated twice a day by the use of a slit lamp at the downhill course. 



Results: The wettability decreased over the day significantly with Nelfilcon p=0,026 and Nelfilcon with AquaComfortTM p=0,014 (Wilcoxon matched pairs signed rank test). Comfort with Nelficon with AquaComfortTM was graded 87 in the morning before, 90 at noon during and 83 in the afternoon after skiing. With Nelfilcon the comfort was graded 83 in the morning before, 88 at noon during and 84 in the afternoon after skiing. Statistical analysis was conducted using the t-test. Nor the lenses neither the groups were significantly different concerning the graded comfort. Visual acuity hasn’t changed over the day significantly with Nelfilcon or Nelfilcon with AquaComfortTM.



Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that daily disposable lenses provide excellent visual acuity during the whole day even in altitudes of 3500m.Although the wettability of the tested lenses decreased over the day during skiing, the comfort didn‘t changed significantly.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Georgi2005,

title = {Contact lenses survey of children and teenagers - a multi center study with more than 2.500 cases},

author = {Corina Georgi and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {http://www.aaopt.org/contact-lenses-survey-children-and-teenagers-multi-center-study-more-2500-cases},

year  = {2005},

date = {2005-12-08},

urldate = {2005-12-08},

number = {055122},

address = {San Diego},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: Analysis of the contact lens (CL) supply of children and teenagers in Germany, with the aim of examining fitting criteria and motivation compliance. To compare the experiences of CL investigators, CL wearers and their parents. 



Methods: Using a questionnaire, 2,500 fitting cases from 45 institutions were evaluated for indication, CL type, wearing mode, handling and hygiene. With a second survey, subjective aspects of CL specialists were determined. 



Results: The age of the children plays an important role for the CL selection and the usage of CL as well as the motivation of the wearers. 20% of the fittings occurred at the age of 0–3, and 9% at the age of 4–6. The rest of the fittings (71%) were made after entering school, 54% of it after the age of 12. Up to the age of 3 the primary motivation for contact lens wear was aphakia. After that, myopia is the main indication. By the average age of 12.6 years, contact lenses were also used for cosmetic reasons (20%). The choice of material of the CL supply of children differs significantly from the total market. One of the main reasons for the choice of material is the application of rigid contact lenses (56%) as well as the fitting of soft lenses (>43%) after the age of 4. The most contact lens fitters favour conventional contact lenses used in daily wear. Multipurpose solutions are mostly used for contact lens hygiene (53%). After the age of 7 children widely are able to handle and clean the lenses themselves. The main problem for wearers is the loss of their contact lenses (33%). The primary complication is the lack of compliance, especially for children under 12 years (24%).



Conclusions: Contact lens specialists are able to fit contact lenses irrespective of the age of the children. Realisation and success depend on the indication- by the age of the children and the compliance of contact lens wearers as well as their parents.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Marx2005b,

title = {Performance Study of Two Different Toric Multifocal Soft Contact Lenses},

author = {Sebastian Marx and Wolfgang Sickenberger and Erich Bauman and Petra Zapsky},

url = {https://jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/AAO-2005-Two-Different-Toric-Multifocal-SCL-Marx-Sickenberger-Bauman-Zapsky.pdf

http://www.aaopt.org/performance-study-two-different-toric-multifocal-soft-contact-lenses},

year  = {2005},

date = {2005-12-01},

urldate = {2005-12-01},

organization = {Jenvis Research Institute},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: The primary aim of this study was to measure the success rate achieved with a commercially available toric multifocal soft lens using a simplified empirical fitting procedure. In addition, the authors sought to evaluate the impact of near zone size, anterior chamber depth and pupil size on overall patient acceptance. 



Methods: Thirty-seven subjects with an average age of 52.2 ± 6.0 years were enrolled in a single-blind, cross-over study. Each subject was randomly allocated into one of two parallel groups and fitted with CIBASOFT® Progressive Toric (CPT) soft lenses using a simplified nomogram. CPT lenses with a standard center-near zone diameter (SZ) were dispensed to subjects in group 1, while group 2 received CPT lenses with a larger near zone (LZ). Visual acuity and subjective acceptance at distance, intermediate and near was graded at the dispensing visit and again after three weeks. The lens type was then switched and the three week cycle repeated. Any subject unable to achieve satisfactory vision with either SZ or LZ bilaterally was dispensed a CPT-SZ in the dominant eye and a CPT-LZ in the contralateral eye for an additional three week period. 



Results: First fit success rates of 55% and 74% were achieved with the SZ and LZ designs respectively. Over 90% of the subjects achieved 20/25 or better visual acuity at distance with both lens types at the initial fit, while 63% and 81% of subjects achieved 20/25 or better at near with the SZ and LZ designs respectively. In more than 85% of cases the lenses stabilized between 0° ± 10°. One patient discontinued because of non-compliance with the visit schedule.



Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that astigmatic presbyopes can achieve excellent visual acuity when fit empirically with the CIBASOFT Progressive Toric soft lens design. Furthermore, it appears that overall visual performance and wearer acceptance can be further improved with a larger center-near zone. 



Additional comments: Thanks to Petra Zapsky M.S.(USA) and Erich Bauman OD from CIBA Vison.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}